Car tanks are increasingly being used. The following main factors contribute to this: the development of the oil and chemical industries, the development of long-distance and international transportation, the expansion of transportation of various powdery cargoes using pneumatic unloading, the creation of multipurpose tanks, especially stainless steel, in which a wide variety of cargoes can be transported. Tank tanks are installed on single cars (with a carrying capacity of 3–10 t for transportation over short distances) and semi-trailers (with a carrying capacity of up to 40 t for long-distance transportation).
Car tanks (car tanks) are intended for bulk transportation of the following cargoes: – petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, bitumen, solvents); – food products (wine, beer, milk, fruit juices, vegetable oil, fats); – chemicals (acids, synthetic products); – powdered substances (cement, gypsum, lime); – liquefied or compressed gases (butane, propane, ammonia, chlorine, freons, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.); – solid substances in a molten state (sulfur, naphthalene, caprolactam); – semi-liquid materials (commercial concrete). Some of the listed cargoes are dangerous, for which you need to have a special permit for the transportation of this type of cargo.
Depending on the structural features, tanks may differ in shape, the presence of compartments and breakwaters, thermal insulation characteristics, and the type of material of the tank itself.
When designing tank trucks, it is necessary to take into account the physical and chemical properties of the transported goods. Thus, their density determines the load on the chassis and elements of the tank at a given capacity; density, viscosity and electrification – pump characteristics and product pumping speed; saturated vapor pressure – tank strength requirements, characteristics of breathing valves and pumps; Corrosivity – the choice of material and anti-corrosion coatings for the tank and other aggregates of technological equipment; the content of water and mechanical impurities – the choice of the type of cleaning agents and the periodicity of their maintenance; solidification temperature is a necessity in the heating and thermal insulation system of the technological equipment.